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Introduction FDA 21 CFR Part 11 is a key regulation that governs the use of electronic signatures and electronic records in the pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device, and other FDA-regulated industries. Initially published in 1997, this regulation ensures that electronic records and electronic signatures are as trustworthy, dependable, and equivalent to handwritten signatures and paper records. […]

Introduction CSV (Confidentiality, Security, and Availability) and CSA (Cloud Security Alliance) are two of the most important terms in data protection and cloud computing and are tasked with serving as a backstop in today’s digitally networked world. CSV—not to be confused with the file format—refers to the foundational principles of information security: Confidentiality, ensuring data

Introduction Regulatory systems play a vital role in ensuring that medications are safe, effective, and of high quality before reaching the public. These frameworks protect public health by enforcing stringent requirements for the approval, monitoring, and distribution of pharmaceutical products. Through comprehensive evaluations of clinical trial data, manufacturing standards, and post-marketing surveillance, regulatory authorities work

Introduction In regulated industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and healthcare, Computerized System Validation (CSV) is a critical process that ensures computer systems used to store, process, or generate regulated data are functioning correctly, consistently, and in compliance with relevant standards. CSV files play a central role in this validation process, documenting essential system activities and